Metals and Minerals In Ancient Indian Literature

The study of metals and minerals in ancient Indian literature reveals a profound understanding of material science, metallurgy, and medicinal uses dating back thousands of years. This knowledge is encapsulated in various classical texts, reflecting both practical and alchemical applications.

Metals and Minerals in Ancient Indian Literature

1. Historical Context:
   • Ancient Indian literature, particularly the Vedas, Upanishads, and classical Ayurvedic texts like the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Rasashastra treatises, extensively document the use of metals and minerals.
2. Metallurgy:
   • Iron (Ayas): References to iron and steel production are found in the Rigveda and later texts. Indian iron and steel, especially the renowned Wootz steel, were highly prized for their quality and used in weaponry and tools.
   • Gold (Swarna): Gold was not only a symbol of wealth but also used in Ayurveda for rejuvenation and longevity. Preparations like Swarna Bhasma (gold ash) were believed to enhance vitality.
   • Copper (Tamra): Copper’s antimicrobial properties were known, and it was used in utensils, surgical instruments, and medicinal preparations.